EVALUATION OF PERIODONTAL STATUS IN PATIENTS WITH ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION: A COMPARATIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33279/jkcd.v16i02.1027Keywords:
Bleeding index; clinical attachment loss; comparative study; essential hypertension; periodontal diseases; plaque index.Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to explore whether essential hypertension is associated with periodontitis.
Materials and Methods: A comparative cross-sectional design was used at Periodontology OPD of Frontier Medical and Dental College Hospital, Abbottabad from October 2025 and January 2026. The study included 130 adults (both sexes, aged 25–60 years), divided into a normotensive control group and an essential hypertension test group. Periodontal parameters were recorded using standard indices. Sample size (n =130) was determined with 80% power, alpha = 0.05, and an anticipated effect size of 0.5, accounting for unequal group distribution.
Results: Clinical attachment loss (CAL) did not differ statistically meaningful between controls (1.37 ± 1.29) and hypertensives (1.38 ± 1.25), p = 0.974. Likewise, no meaningful difference emerged for bleeding index (p = 0.458) or plaque index (p = 0.099).
Conclusion: Although periodontitis is defined by plaque accumulation, gingival bleeding, pocket formation and attachment loss, the current findings indicate that essential hypertension does not show statistically significant association with periodontal health within the constraints of this study. Larger, longitudinal studies are needed to clarify this relationship and to assess whether periodontal therapy might improve blood pressure outcomes.
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