https://journalofkcd.com/kcd/issue/feedJOURNAL OF KHYBER COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY2024-12-14T08:45:43+00:00Dr. Farhad Ali Khattakmanagingeditor@journalofkcd.comOpen Journal Systemshttps://journalofkcd.com/kcd/article/view/775 DENTAL PRACTITIONER’S AWARENESS, KNOWLEDGE, AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE USE OF LASER TECHNOLOGY IN ENDODONTIC DISINFECTION: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY2024-12-13T08:44:39+00:00Fayyaz Alamdrfayyazbds@yahoo.comKemia Gulkemiagul3456@gmail.comFawad Ali ShahDrfawada@yahoo.comBrekhna Yousafzai Brekhna.apple123@gmail.comMuhammad Zohaibzohaibktk936@gmail.comFaiz Ur Rahmanfaizr3702@gmail.com<p><strong>Objectives:</strong> To determine dental practitioner’s awareness, knowledge, and attitudes towards the use of laser technology in endodontic disinfection.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> This descriptive cross-sectional study involved 159 dental practitioners recruited through non-probability convenience sampling. Participants provided written informed consent and completed an online questionnaire covering demographics, awareness, and practical use of laser technology in endodontics. Chi-square tests applied to assess awareness among diff erent experience levels.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> Among the 159 participants, the mean age was 33.08 ± 8.83years, with a higher proportion of males (n=95, 59.7%). While most respondents recognized the benefi ts of laser technology in endodontics, practical application was limited, with only 4.4% reporting its use. Significant differences were observed between respondents with 1-4 years and 5-8 years of experience in their familiarity with laser technology and beliefs about its application and outcomes. Barriers to adoption included cost concerns and perceived training accessibility.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Although awareness of laser technology in endodontics is common among dental practitioners, its practical use is still limited. Overcoming obstacles like cost and access to training could promote wider adoption and potentially improve treatment outcomes in endodontic practice.</p>2024-12-13T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Fayyaz Alam, Kemia Gul, Fawad Ali Shah, Brekhna Yousafzai , Muhammad Zohaib, Faiz Ur Rahmanhttps://journalofkcd.com/kcd/article/view/815 ISOLATION OF HUMAN ADULT DENTAL PULP STEM CELLS USING ENZYMATIC DIGESTION2024-12-13T08:44:24+00:00Sehrish Khansehrish.12608@zu.edu.pkSaima Buttsaima.butt@zu.edu.pkShumaila Usmanshumaila.usman@zu.edu.pkSana Mirzadr_sanaa@hotmail.com<p><strong> Objectives:</strong> The aim of the study was to culture dental pulp stem cells from non- carious, extracted human adult permanent teeth using enzymatic digestion<br /><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> Human adult extracted teeth were collected from the Oral Surgery Department OPD, from the Ziauddin Dental College. Pulp was extirpated via barbed broach and isolated via enzymatic digestion using trypsin. The stem cells were cultured under conditioned media and a growth curve was plotted against the population doubling time. Cell viability was tested and finally the cells were cryopreserved for future use. Data was presented descriptively by graphical representation. <br /><strong>Results:</strong> The stem cells exhibited spindle shaped morphology similar to mesenchymal stem cells after two weeks of isolation. The cells reached 80% confluency after a total of four weeks after which before they were processed for further assays. The growth characteristics were analyzed by calculation of population doubling time and cell viability. <br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> In the study successfully demonstrated the ability to isolate and culture dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) from non-carious, extracted human adult permanent teeth using an enzymatic digestion method. The enzymatic digestion method of harvesting stem cell resulted in a stable DPSC cell growth. This method is convenient and a reliable source of stem cells for future personalized medicine research.</p>2024-12-13T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Sehrish Khan, Saima Butt, Shumaila Usman, Sana Mirzahttps://journalofkcd.com/kcd/article/view/754COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE SOLUBILITY OF MODIFIED CONVENTIONAL GLASS IONOMER CEMENT AND RESIN-MODIFIED GLASS IONOMER CEMENT IN ARTIFICIAL SALIVA WITH VARYING PH LEVELS2024-12-14T08:45:43+00:00 Raham Zamandrzaman1971@gmail.comMamoona Shahmamoonashahh@gmail.comMuhammad Naeemdr.naeemneelavi@gmail.comMuhammad Yousafdr.muhammadjoseph@gmail.comTahir Ali KhanTahiralikhan1972@yahoo.comRamla Zamanramlazaman2000@gmail.com<p><strong> Objectives:</strong> To determine the solubility of modifi ed conventional glass ionomer cement and resin-modified glass ionomer cement in artificial saliva at varying pH levels.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> Two luting cements were used to fabricate 120 specimens, following ISO standard <br />4049/2000. The specimens were divided into two groups, Group A (conventional glass ionomer luting cement) and Group B (resin-modifi ed glass ionomer luting cement), each containing 60 specimens, and further sub divided into three subgroups A3,A7,A9,B3,B7 and B9. Solubility was assessed by measuring weight changes after immersion in artifi cial saliva with varying pH levels for 28 days. A one-way ANOVA was conducted to statistically assess the differences in mean solubility among the groups, with post hoc Tukey's test applied for multiple comparisons. Additionally, paired t-tests were used to compare results between groups based on the media used.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> Mean solubility of specimens of subgroup A9 immersed in basic salivary solution showed least solubility among all the groups. The mean solubility of G1 & RMGI luting cement in artifi cial cement saliva having PH 3.7& 9 respectively.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Conventional glass ionomer luting cement with modifi ed powder/liquid ratio is more reliable for luting of fixed prosthesis as it exhibited lowest solubility in basic and acidic conditions.</p>2024-12-12T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Raham Zaman, Mamoona Shah, Muhammad Naeem, Muhammad Yousaf, Tahir Ali Khan, Ramla Zamanhttps://journalofkcd.com/kcd/article/view/780FREQUENCY AND RISK FACTORS OF DEVELOPMENTAL DEFECTS OF ENAMEL - A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY2024-12-14T08:45:11+00:00Fayyaz Alamdrfayyazbds@yahoo.comBrekhna Yousafzai brekhna.apple123@gmail.comAsmat Ullah drasmatktk@yahoo.comKemia Gulkemiagul3456@gmail.comAzra umarDr.azraumer@gmail.comJamal Ahadjamalkha230@gmail.com<p><strong> Objectives:</strong> To determine the frequency and risk factors for enamel defects in patients reporting to Saidu College of Dentistry, Swat.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 192 children aged 8 to 12 years was determined using non-probability consecutive sampling. Clinical examinations were performed by trained dental professionals using diagnostic criteria of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) based on the presence or absence of demarcated opacities for diagnosing enamel defects. Data on potential risk factors such as parental education, infection history, medication during lactation, formula feeding, and birth complications were collected. Statistical analysis involved Fisher exact tests with a significance level set at p<0.05.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> Among the 192 participants, the frequency of enamel defects was 14.6% (n=27). Mild defects were observed in 5.21% (n=10), moderate defects in 3.13% (n=6), severe defects in 3.65% (n=7), and a typical restorations in 1.56% (n=3). Significant associations were found between enamel defect severity and paternal education (p=0.4) and medication use during lactation (p=0.039). No significant associations were found for maternal education, infection history, or birth complications with all P>0.05.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The study found a 14.6% frequency of enamel defects among the study population. Paternal education and medication use during lactation were significant risk factors. These findings highlight the need for targeted preventive strategies and further research into the etiology of enamel defects.</p>2024-12-12T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Fayyaz Alam, Brekhna Yousafzai , Asmat Ullah , Kemia Gul, Azra umar, Jamal Ahadhttps://journalofkcd.com/kcd/article/view/828ROLE OF TEACHERS IN PROVIDING ORAL HEALTH EDUCATION TO SCHOOL CHILDREN2024-12-14T08:44:55+00:00Ruqayya Sanasana.ruqayya@gmail.comAiman Niazaiman.niaz57@gmail.comAmir Hameeddr.amir.hameed@gmail.comPashmina Nisarpashminanisar@hotmail.comShakeel ur Rehman Khattakshak.khattak@gmail.com<p><strong> Objectives:</strong> To determine the role of schoolteachers in providing oral health education to school children and to asses schoolteachers’ knowledge, practices, and the barriers in implementing oral health education among schoolchildren.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> A cross-sectional study was conducted in different public and private schools of Peshawar. The sample size comprised of 311 schoolteachers who were recruited via simple convenience sampling. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from teachers. Frequency tables were generated for the categorical variables. Chi-square test was employed to assess the association between categorical variables and p<0.05 was considered significant.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> Most participants (80.4%) worked in private schools, while the rest (19.6%) were in public schools. Around 21.2% of respondents reported integrating oral health into their teaching daily, while 22.5% did so weekly. Teachers exhibited strong knowledge regarding the causes and prevention of tooth decay (42.1%) and the impact of oral health on overall health (42.1%) while only 29.6% had excellent knowledge about signs and symptoms of gum diseases. Private school teachers were signifi cantly more likely to emphasize the importance of dental visits compared to public school teachers (p=0.004).<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The study revealed significant gaps in teachers' self-reported oral health knowledge, particularly in understanding fl uoride's importance and recognizing signs of gum disease, despite acknowledging oral health's importance.</p> <p><strong> </strong></p> <p> </p> <p><strong> </strong></p>2024-12-12T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Ruqayya Sana, Aiman Niaz, Amir Hameed, Pashmina Nisar, Shakeel ur Rehman Khattakhttps://journalofkcd.com/kcd/article/view/836PREVALENCE OF FIXED PARTIAL DENTURE COMPLICATIONS: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY2024-12-13T08:45:43+00:00Munir Khanmunirkhan75@yahoo.comTahira Hussaintahirahussain88@gmail.comKiran Zaffarkiranzafar590@gmail.comPir Uzair piruzair31@gmail.comAamir Hameedtahirahussain88@gmail.com<p><strong>Objectives:</strong> To assess the prevalence of issues among patients who visit Bacha Khan College of Dentistry in Mardan after receiving fi xed partial dentures.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> The study comprised 157 participants with fixed partial dentures of both sexes. After three months, all patients were evaluated, and problems such as cavities, the need for endodontic therapy, and retention loss were identified. The statistical analysis employed the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality. <br /><strong>Results:</strong> The study included participants aged 18 to 50, with an average age of 44.337±4.14 years and a procedure time of 38.484±6.88 minutes. 51.6% of the patients were women, while 48.4% were men. 44.6% of patients had cavities, 21% required endodontic treatment, and 34.4% had lost their retainer.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study demonstrates how biological issues often occur with permanent partial dentures, particularly in abutment teeth. It highlights the signifi cance of timely post-treatment intervention and continuous observation. The highlighted concerns can be reduced, and patient outcomes can be improved by implementing enhanced follow-up procedures and patient education on oral hygiene and fixed partial denture care.</p>2024-12-12T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Munir Khan, Tahira Hussain, Kiran Zaffar, Pir Uzair https://journalofkcd.com/kcd/article/view/764FREQUENCY OF INSOMNIA AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AMONG MEDICAL AND DENTAL STUDENTS2024-12-14T08:45:27+00:00Muhammad Hassanhassankhattak.5074@gmail.comShabnam Shahjehanshabnamshahjehan@gmail.comAdeela Mustafaadeelaamir17@gmail.comSyed Muhammad Ibrahimibookhan4924@gmail.comHuma Fatima Tu Zaraadeelaamir17@gmail.comAalia Karimadeelaamir17@gmail.comMuhammad Yasiryasir.04996@gmail.com<p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Objectives:</strong> To determine the frequency of insomnia among medical students and to assess the effects of insomnia on the academic performance of medical and dental students.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on medical and dental students of Peshawar, after obtaining approval from IREB. A simple random sampling technique was used to collect data through questionnaires distributed among students. The calculated sample size was approximately 153, determined using the WHO sample size formula. Selection criteria included medical and dental students, both males and females aged 18 to 25 years who were willing to participate. Data was collected using the Sleep Quality Scale, an item of question assessing academic performance, and a demographic information sheet. Data was stratified in different age groups and by gender. As variables in our study were qualitative <br />so chi-square test was applied to fi nd the association between qualitative variables. A p value of P<0.05 was considered significant.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> In this study,153 students were enrolled. Out of these 37% were females and 62% were males.Prevalence was found to be 46%. 92% of participants were in the age range of 21 to 23 years. The prevalence of poor-quality sleep was 18% among medical and dental students while 54% rated their sleep quality as good even after sleeping for 5 to 6 hours at night. 53% of participants took 15-30 minutes to fall asleep and 41% of participants usually got up around 10 am during the past month. A signifi cant association p< 0.05 was found between Pittsburg sleep quality index and academic performance with a P-value of 0.04. <br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> From the result of our study, it was concluded that Insomnia or bad sleep quality effects the academic performance of medical and dental students.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><em> </em></p>2024-12-12T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad Hassan, Shabnam Shahjehan, Adeela Mustafa, Syed Muhammad Ibrahim, Huma Fatima Tu Zara, Aalia Karim, Muhammad Yasirhttps://journalofkcd.com/kcd/article/view/614FREQUENCY OF UNDIAGNOSED HYPERTENSION IN HEALTHCARE WORKERS OF KHYBER TEACHING HOSPITAL PESHAWAR2024-12-13T08:44:54+00:00Jehan Hussanjehan_hassan@hotmail.comNoman Ahmadjehan_hassan@hotmail.com Fatma Adnanjehan_hassan@hotmail.comRimsha Inayatjehan_hassan@hotmail.comMuhammad Kamaljehan_hassan@hotmail.comKomal Alijehan_hassan@hotmail.com<p><strong> Objectives:</strong> To measure the frequency and determinents of undiagnosed hypertension in Healthcare Workers of Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar and to determine the association of their Hypertension with demographics.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> It was a cross-sectional analytical study done at Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar from January 2023 to May 2023. A sample of 312 healthcare workers was selected by using non-probability convenient sampling technique. A questionnaire having both open-ended & closed-ended questions was used. After acquiring their informed consent, face to face interview along with measuring blood pressure was done. For analysis of the data, statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20 was used. Data was represented using figures and tables. Chi square test was used for analysis.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> The study included 312 participants with a mean age of 33.8 ± 9.4 years.Out of 312 participants, 62.8% were doctors, 26.9 % were paramedics, and 10.3 % were supporting staff . Among the participants, 40 (12.8%) of the participants were hypertensive, and 272 (87.2%) were non-hypertensive.3.5 % of the participants believed hypertension to be due to stress & anxiety; 3.2 % believed it to be obesity; 2.6 % believed it to be lack of exercise; 1 % believed it to be high salt intake, 0.3 % believed it to be smoking, and 0.3 % believed high cholesterol levels while 89 % believed all of these can be the causes of hypertension. It was found that age, family history of hypertension and Co morbidities were statistically significant, while the other factors turned out to be non significant.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> A significant number of participants were found hypertensive. Associated factors of hypertension were stress, anxiety, obesity, lack of exercise, high salt intake, smoking, and high cholesterol levels.</p>2024-12-13T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Dr Jehan Hussan Jehanhttps://journalofkcd.com/kcd/article/view/545COMPARISON OF EFFICACY OF TOPICAL CIPROFLOXACIN/DEXAMETHASONE WICK WITH ICHTHAMMOL/GLYCERIN WICK IN OTITIS EXTERNA2024-12-13T08:45:10+00:00Asghar Ullahdrasghar_1962@yahoo.comIsrar Ud Dinisrar_uddin2000@yahoo.comImran Khanimranamc@hotmail.comNazneen Liaqatdrnazneen.18@gmail.comAafia Afrididrafiaisrar@gmail.comIhtisham Ul Haqdr.ihtisham81@gmail.comShakir Ullahshaakir192@gmail.com<p><strong>Objectives:</strong> To compare efficacy of 3% Ciprofloxacin1% Dexamethasone and 10% Ichthammol Glycerin as topical treatment regimen of acute otitis externa.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> This study was a Randomized Control Trial conducted over a six-month period, from May 2022 to November 2022, at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan. A total of seventy patients, both male and female, aged between 12 and 60 years, who were diagnosed with moderate to severe acute otitis externa, were enrolled in the study. These patients were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: Group A, which received 3% ciprofloxacin and 1% dexamethasone, or Group B, which received 10% Ichthammol Glycerin. The efficacy of the treatments was evaluated on day 3 by assessing pain control, using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS).<br /><strong>Results:</strong> Each group contained 35 subjects each. Regarding baseline characteristics, both the groups were similar. The mean VAS score on day 1 was comparable among the 2 groups, i.e., 6.71± 1.15 in group A, and 6.73 ± 1.13 in group B. At day 3, mean VAS was lower in group A, i.e., 2.43 ± 1.36 SD in group A and 3.63 ± 2.04 SD in group B. The effi cacy of treatment was found to be 77.1% (27/35) in group A and 40% (14/35) in group B (p=0.002). <br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The efficacy of Ciprofloxacin/Dexamethasone was significantly higher than Ichthammol Glycerin in terms of pain control in patients with moderate to severe acute otitis externa.</p>2024-12-13T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Asghar Ullah, Israr Ud Din, Imran Khan, Nazneen Liaqat, Aafia Afridi, Ihtisham Ul Haq, Shakir Ullahhttps://journalofkcd.com/kcd/article/view/136E-LEARNING: EXPLORING THE FACTORS INFLUENCING FACULTY READINESS DURING COVID -19 PANDEMIC FOR ONLINE TEACHING2024-12-13T08:45:27+00:00Aisha Waliaishawali@baqai.edu.pkAhsan Sethiahsan.sethi@gmail.comShams Nadeem Alamdirector.dme@baqai.edu.pkMuhammad Ain ul Haqdr.ainulhaq@baqai.edu.pkRuqayyah Hashmidrruqayyah@baqai.edu.pk<p><strong>Objectives:</strong> The study aimed to assess the e- learning readiness amongst faculty members in the discipline of Medicine, Dentistry & Allied.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> The present descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out to analyze faculty readiness for online teaching of the University from May 2020- July 2021. The ethical approval was obtained from the ethical committee of the University. Faculty members from Dental College, Medical University and Allied Departments were selected with the census sampling method and sample obtained was 222. An online survey method was selected for data collection and pre structured validated questionnaire “Students’ E-learning Readiness Scale” developed by Watkins et al was used. Subject expert validated the questionnaire.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> The overall mean score ranged from 2.11 – 3.12, indicated that experience of online readiness for the faculty members was found to be low. The highest mean score of 3.12 was reported from the faculty members of the Dental College followed by Faculty of Medical College (mean score= 2.94) and Allied (mean score=2.72) regarding readiness for online discussions.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The overall readiness is found to be low and this is common for all faculties of all levels. The faculty from Dental College was found to be ready for conducting online lectures as compared to the faculty from Medical and Allied Departments of the University. It should be mandatory that Medical Education Department of the university to conduct more series of workshops for the faculty so that they feel motivated to conduct online teaching.</p>2024-12-13T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Aisha Wali, Ahsan Sethi, Shams Nadeem Alam, Muhammad Ain ul Haq, Ruqayyah Hashmihttps://journalofkcd.com/kcd/article/view/843HARNESSING ELECTRONIC PATIENT RECORDS FOR AI INNOVATION: BALANCING DATA PRIVACY AND DIAGNOSTIC ADVANCEMENT2024-12-06T07:18:40+00:00Syed Muaz Masoom Shahmaazmasoom@hotmail.com<p>Artificial intelligence (AI) holds immense potential to revolutionize dental care, offering advancements in diagnostic accuracy, personalized treatments, and overall patient outcomes. However, AI's ability to deliver these benefits hinges on the availability of large, high-quality datasets, especially electronic patient records (EPR). These records, encompassing diagnostic images, treatment histories, patient demographics, and clinical outcomes, are critical for training AI models to enhance clinical decision-making. However, as the demand for data grows, so do the ethical concerns surrounding its collection and use.</p> <p><strong>Ethical Challenges in Data Collection</strong></p> <p>While the benefits of AI in dentistry are undeniable, collecting and using patient data for training AI models raises several ethical challenges that must be addressed</p> <ol> <li><strong>Patient Privacy and Consent:</strong> Informed consent is essential before patient data can be used for AI training. Patients must fully understand how their data will be utilized, with strict adherence to privacy regulations such as HIPAA (USA) or GDPR (EU).</li> <li><strong>Data Ownership:</strong> Determining clear ownership of patient data—whether it belongs to patients, healthcare providers, or third parties—is crucial. This ensures ethical use in AI research while protecting patient autonomy.</li> <li><strong>Bias and Fairness:</strong> AI models can be skewed by biased or unrepresentative data, leading to unfair outcomes for marginalized or underserved patient groups.</li> <li><strong>Transparency and Accountability:</strong> The integration of AI in dentistry demands transparency in how models are trained and deployed. Accountability mechanisms must be in place to address errors and prioritize patient safety and well-being.</li> </ol> <p><strong>Balancing Innovation with Ethics</strong></p> <p>Dental professionals, researchers, and policymakers must collaborate to create a framework that ensures data is collected, used, and protected responsibly. To leverage AI’s potential while addressing these ethical concerns, several strategies can be adopted:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Anonymization of Patient Data</strong>: One way to protect patient privacy while still allowing data to be used for AI training is to anonymize patient records. This ensures that individual identities are kept confidential while still providing valuable data for research and development.</li> <li><strong>Clear Ethical Guidelines</strong>: There is an urgent need for standardized guidelines regarding the ethical collection, use, and sharing of patient data in AI training. These guidelines should prioritize patient rights, data security, and fairness in AI development.</li> <li><strong>Patient Education</strong>: Raising awareness among patients about the benefits and risks of sharing their data for AI purposes is crucial. Clear communication can foster trust and allow patients to make informed decisions about their participation.</li> </ul> <p>The future of dentistry lies in harnessing AI-driven insights for diagnostic precision and personalized treatment plans. However, its success depends on effectively navigating the ethical complexities of data use. By responsibly utilizing EPRs, we can achieve transformative advancements in dental care while maintaining the trust and confidentiality of the patients we serve.</p>2024-12-13T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Syed Muaz Masoom Shahhttps://journalofkcd.com/kcd/article/view/847Table of Contents2024-12-13T06:11:49+00:00Amir Khanamir.khan@journalofkcd.com2024-12-13T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Amir Khan